https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34560 Wed 27 Mar 2019 10:17:50 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33561 Wed 21 Nov 2018 09:47:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25075 Wed 11 Apr 2018 12:27:25 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:14664 Wed 04 Sep 2019 11:10:47 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26090 Wed 02 Mar 2022 14:26:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33991 4 weeks) cough (KQ 1) are the common etiologies different from those in adults? (KQ 2) Are the common etiologies age or setting dependent, or both? (KQ 3) Is OSA a cause of chronic cough in children? Methods: We used the CHEST Expert Cough Panel's protocol and the American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) methodological guidelines and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. Data from the systematic reviews in conjunction with patients' values and preferences and the clinical context were used to form recommendations. Delphi methodology was used to obtain consensus. Results: Combining KQs 1 and 2, we found moderate-level evidence from 10 prospective studies that the etiologies of cough in children are different from those in adults and are setting dependent. Data from three studies found that common etiologies of cough in young children were different from those in older children. However, data relating sleep abnormalities to chronic cough in children were found only in case studies. Conclusions: There is moderate-quality evidence that common etiologies of chronic cough in children are different from those in adults and are dependent on age and setting. As there are few data relating OSA and chronic cough in children, the panel suggested that these children should be managed in accordance with pediatric sleep guidelines.]]> Tue 29 Jan 2019 15:55:55 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40865 12 years of age with a chronic cough due to asthma or NAEB. Eligible studies were identified in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and SCOPUS and assessed for relevance and quality. Guidelines were developed and voted upon using CHEST guideline methodology. Results: Of the citations reviewed, 3/1,175, 53/656, and 6/134 were identified as being eligible for inclusion in the three systematic reviews, respectively. In contrast to established guidelines for asthma therapies in general and the inclusion in some guidelines for a role of biomarkers of airway inflammation to guide treatment in severe disease, the evidence of specific benefit related to the use of non-invasive biomarkers in patients with chronic cough due to asthma was weak. The best therapeutic option for cough in asthma or NAEB is inhaled corticosteroids followed by leukotriene receptor antagonism. Conclusions: This guideline offers recommendations on the role of non-invasive measurements of airway inflammation and treatment for cough due to asthma or NAEB based on the available literature, and identifies gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.]]> Tue 19 Jul 2022 14:10:35 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38580 Tue 09 Nov 2021 15:45:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45975 Is there evidence of clinically important treatment effects for non-pharmacological therapies in cough treatment for patients with bronchiectasis?" Populations selected were all patients with bronchiectasis due to CF or non-CF bronchiectasis. The interventions explored were the non-pharmacological airway clearance therapies. The comparison populations included those receiving standard therapy and/or placebo. Clinically important outcomes that were explored were exacerbation rates, quality of life, hospitalizations, and mortality. Results: In both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis, there were systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews identified. Despite these findings, there were no large randomized controlled trials that explored the impact of airway clearance on exacerbation rates, quality of life, hospitalizations, or mortality. Conclusions: Although the cough panel was not able to make recommendations, they have made consensus-based suggestions and provided direction for future studies to fill the gaps in knowledge.]]> Tue 08 Nov 2022 14:39:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26089 Thu 28 Oct 2021 13:03:49 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:36721 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:20:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29068 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:20:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18011 60%. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of all episodes of bacteremic, community-onset, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia due to Acinetobacter species at a tertiary referral hospital in tropical Australia from 1997 to 2012 following the introduction of routine empirical treatment protocols covering Acinetobacter. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic, and outcome data were collected. RESULTS: There were 41 episodes of bacteremic community-onset Acinetobacter pneumonia, of which 36 had no indicators suggesting health-care-associated infection. Of these, 38 (93%) were Indigenous Australians, one-half were men, the average age was 44.1 years, and 36 episodes (88%) occurred during the rainy season. All patients had at least one risk factor, with hazardous alcohol intake in 82%. Of the 37 isolates available for molecular speciation, 35 were Acinetobacter baumannii and two were Acinetobacter nosocomialis. All isolates were susceptible in vitro to gentamicin, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin, but only one was fully susceptible to ceftriaxone. ICU admission was required in 80%. All 41 patients received appropriate antibiotics within the first 24 h of admission, and 28- and 90-day mortality were both low at 11%. CONCLUSIONS: Community-acquired Acinetobacter pneumonia is a severe disease, with the majority of patients requiring ICU admission. Most patients have risk factors, particularly hazardous alcohol use. Despite this severity, correct initial empirical antibiotic therapy in all patients was associated with low mortality.]]> Sun 21 Jun 2015 17:37:28 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:4601 Sat 24 Mar 2018 10:13:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7370 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:40:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13806 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:22:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:13277 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:15:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11572 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:14:03 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11467 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:11:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:11071 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:09:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:16941 10CRP. Sex, BMI, and %FEV₁ were significant predictors of log₁₀IL-6. Conclusions: Systemic inflammation is increased in patients with asthma with neutrophilic airway inflammation and associated with worse clinical outcomes. Systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathophysiology of neutrophilic asthma.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:31 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:19841 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:57:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20635 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20295 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:14 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26115 12 years with a chronic cough of > 8 weeks' duration that was unexplained after systematic investigation and treatment were included and assessed for relevance and quality. Based on the systematic review, guideline suggestions were developed and voted on by using the American College of Chest Physicians organization methodology. Results: Eleven RCTs and five systematic reviews were included. The 11 RCTs reported data on 570 participants with chronic cough who received a variety of interventions. Study quality was high in 10 RCTs. The studies used an assortment of descriptors and assessments to identify UCC. Although gabapentin and morphine exhibited positive effects on cough-related quality of life, only gabapentin was supported as a treatment recommendation. Studies of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were affected by intervention fidelity bias; when this factor was addressed, ICS were found to be ineffective for UCC. Esomeprazole was ineffective for UCC without features of gastroesophageal acid reflux. Studies addressing nonacid gastroesophageal reflux disease were not identified. A multimodality speech pathology intervention improved cough severity. Conclusions: The evidence supporting the diagnosis and management of UCC is limited. UCC requires further study to establish agreed terminology and the optimal methods of investigation using established criteria for intervention fidelity. Speech pathology-based cough suppression is suggested as a treatment option for UCC. This guideline presents suggestions for diagnosis and treatment based on the best available evidence and identifies gaps in our knowledge as well as areas for future research.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:06 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29432 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:23 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29176 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:44 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25578 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:35:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28008 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:27:19 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:22110 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:13:17 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38861 Streptococcus pneumoniae, mechanistically through inhibition of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) cathelicidin. Using experiments in human cells and mouse infection models, we performed a head-to-head comparison of the effects of the major ICS agents used in COPD on innate immunity.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:53:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:39031 1 as have pericytes² and endothelial-mesenchymal transition.^3,4 However, the most studied mechanism is epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), in which epithelial cells lose epithelial characteristics and become more mesenchymal, gaining mobility and enhanced ability to secrete ECM. This highly dynamic process has been subcategorized according to the three main functions it is associated with: embryonic development (type I), wound healing and tissue repair (type II), and cancer (type III). In this translational review, the mechanisms, roles, and impact of EMT (particularly type II) in chronic lung diseases are discussed. We also evaluate whether current medications influence EMT and how we may affect this process in the future.]]> Mon 29 Jan 2024 17:51:32 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:33625 Mon 26 Nov 2018 12:48:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:35554 Prevotella species. Alpha diversity was unrelated to bacterial biomass, culture of recognized respiratory pathogens, or inflammatory markers. Conclusions: Neutrophilic inflammation in children with PBB was associated with multiple BAL microbiota profiles. Significant associations between inflammatory markers and bacterial biomass, but not alpha diversity, suggest that inflammation in children with PBB is not driven by single pathogenic species. Understanding the role of the entire respiratory microbiota in PBB pathogenesis may be important to determining whether bacteria other than the recognized pathogens contribute to disease recurrence and progression to bronchiectasis.]]> Fri 31 Jan 2020 16:15:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38776 Fri 28 Jan 2022 15:09:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:49491 4-weeks duration) and without underlying lung disease: (1) who do not havegastrointestinal GER symptoms, should empirical treatment for GERD be used? (2) withgastrointestinal GER symptoms, does treatment for GERD resolve the cough? (3) with orwithout gastrointestinal GER symptoms, what GER-based therapies should be used and forhow long? (4) if GERD is suspected as the cause, what investigations and diagnostic criteriabest determine GERD as the cause of the cough?METHODS:We used the CHEST Expert Cough Panel’s protocol and American College ofChest Physicians (CHEST) methodological guidelines and GRADE (Grading of Recom-mendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework. Delphi methodology wasused to obtain consensus.RESULTS:Few randomized controlled trials addressed thefirst two questions and noneaddressed the other two. The single meta-analysis (two randomized controlled trials)showed no significant difference between the groups (any intervention for GERDvs placebo for cough resolution; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.45-2.93;P¼.78). Proton pumpinhibitors (vs placebo) caused increased serious adverse events. Qualitative data fromexisting CHEST cough systematic reviews were consistent with two international GERDguidelines.CONCLUSIONS:The panelists endorsed that: (1) treatment(s) for GERD should not be usedwhen there are no clinical features of GERD; and (2) pediatric GERD guidelines should beused to guide treatment and investigations.]]> Fri 19 May 2023 09:55:59 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:46163 Fri 11 Nov 2022 19:34:08 AEDT ]]>